Cross-linking patterns between media sources to offer a view of authority and prominence within the media world.
The Berkman Klein study is based on an analysis of more than 2 million stories related to the election published online by approximately 70,000 media sources, between May 1, 2015, and Election Day in 2016, as well as an analysis of how often sources were linked to by other online sources and how often they were shared on Facebook or Twitter. These two topics, immigration and emails, defined the public narrative around the choices for voters in the 2016 election. However, it was eclipsed by the attention given to the scandals surrounding Hillary Clinton’s use of a private email server and the Clinton Foundation, which were perpetuated through the release of hacked emails. Immigration received more attention than any other substantive issue. The report found that the majority of mainstream media coverage was negative for both candidates, but largely followed Trump’s agenda. A much larger concern was the misleading reporting that was propagated through partisan networks,” co-author and Media Cloud technical lead Hal Roberts stated. “Although fake news–fabricated and verifiably false reporting–was a phenomenon during the election, it had a minor effect on the media ecosystem of the presidential election according to our findings. This overall trend and the quantitative differences in coverage were far more consequential than the circulation of outright false stories, the analysis found. Network map based on Twitter media sharing from May 1, 2015, to Novemwith nodes sized by number of Twitter shares (click image to view a high-resolution PDF) On the left, readers gravitated towards center-left large media organizations which moderated the impact of political clickbait on the left. On the more insular and partisan right, the “fake news,” or political clickbait sites were a more integral part of the media sphere. The report finds that political clickbait sites-hyperpartisan sites that frequently engage in dubious reporting-exist on both sides of the political spectrum, but these sites played a larger role on the right than the left. In this recently-emerged universe, Breitbart stands at the center of a right-wing media ecosystem and is surrounded by sites like Fox News, the Daily Caller, the Gateway Pundit, the Washington Examiner, Infowars, Conservative Treehouse, and Truthfeed, according to the report’s analysis. In contrast, the messaging from right-wing media was consistently pro-Trump.” Conservative opposition to Trump was strongest in the center-right, the portion of the political spectrum that wielded the least influence in media coverage of the election. A key difference between the right and left is that Trump supporters found substantial coverage favorable to their side in left and center-left media, particularly coverage critical of Clinton. Robert Faris, the Berkman Klein Center’s research director, noted, “Consistent with concerns over echo chambers and filter bubbles, social media users on the left and the right rarely share material from outside their respective spheres, except where they find coverage that is favorable to their choice of candidate. On the liberal side, by contrast, the center of gravity was made up largely of long-standing media organizations. The study found that on the conservative side, more attention was paid to pro-Trump, highly partisan media outlets. The fact that media coverage has become more polarized in general is not new, but the extent to which right-wing sites have become partisan is striking, the report says. In addition to Benkler, the report was authored by Robert Faris, Hal Roberts, Bruce Etling, Nikki Bourassa, and Ethan Zuckerman. The right-wing media sphere skews to the far right and is dominated by highly partisan news organizations,” co-author and principal investigator Yochai Benkler stated. The core of attention from the center-right to the left is large mainstream media organizations of the center-left. Whereas the left half of our spectrum is filled with many media sources from center to left, the right half of the spectrum has a substantial gap between center and right. “In this study, we document polarization in the media ecosystem that is distinctly asymmetric. Presidential Election,” documents how highly partisan right-wing sources helped shape mainstream press coverage and seize the public’s attention in the 18-month period leading up to the election. The report, “ Partisanship, Propaganda, and Disinformation: Online Media and the 2016 U.S. The Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society at Harvard University has released a comprehensive analysis of online media and social media coverage of the 2016 presidential campaign.